The male preference seem to give a break on population control. Seeking the reasons for male preference in Korea, it´s social and cultural backgrounds were surveyed on multiparences pregnant women who have a preference for a male offspring. And the comparative study was done between para 2 pregnant women (group Ⅰ) and more than para 3 pregnant women (group Ⅱ).
Ⅰ. More than 80% of the serveyed cases as well as the partners are belong to the age group of 2S-34.
Ⅱ. Many cases are living in Seoul. such as 84% of the control group, 76.6% of group I and 60% of group Ⅱ. In contract to the present residential area, native places being grown-up of Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups were Choong Nam providence and Kyung Nam providence as much as almost 2 times more than that of the control group.
Ⅲ. Almost of the cases were highly educated. 81.4% the control group, 94.4% of Ⅰ group and 62.7% of Ⅱ group were more educated than high school. Of the partners of the control, I and Ⅱ groups, the mose educated cases than high school graduation were 87.7%, 97.2% and 90.9% respectively.
Ⅳ. Eighty percent of cases are house-wives and most of the partners are office workers or business-man.
Ⅴ. About 70% of the cases evaluate themselves belong to middle economic class and fewer to low economic class.
Ⅵ. Comparing to the control, there were more cases with seligious than ones without religion among Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups similer observations on their partners, parents in law and own parents. The proportions of cases having religion are 63.5% of Ⅰ group and 64.6% of Ⅱ group whereas 45.4% of the control group.
Ⅶ. Among the control group there were no cases having more than 2 male offsprings, whereas cases having 4 female offsprings were observed. Among Ⅱ group, it was abserved that the pregnant woman has 8 female offsprings.
Ⅷ. It is found that about 50% of the control group also have a preference for a male offspring.
The reasons for male offspring preferance are observed as follows.
a. Ⅰ and Ⅱ group
"because of husband who wanted to have a male child"
b. Husbands and own parents.
"being proud of having of male child"
c. Parents in law.
"Husband is the successer of the family"
"Complete family structure"
There are very few answere on the questionair "Being cared when aged" and "superioirty of male child" Especially none of the cases including the control answered on "superiority of male child" parents in law answered very few on the questionair "worship ceremony for ancestor".
Ⅸ. Parents in law give advices more fuquently to have a male offspring than own parents in all groups including the control. However actually 10.3% of Ⅰ group and 19.1% of Ⅱ group lived together with parents in law.
Ⅹ. On the questionair "when are you going to have contraceptives" 80% of all cases including the control group answered that contraceptives will be taken after having one male offspring, such as permenent sterilization will be performed in 50.9% of Ⅰ group and 60.9% of Ⅱ group.
A. The backbone structures of male offspring perference in Korea at present seems to be not originated from cultural backgrounds such as educational level, economic lever a religions as being thought in past, but originated from practical social structures as well as social climate and present law wich gives previlge to the male. If the society is good euogh to he equal on breth seres, there would be no set preference of offsprings. For that purpose, there should be some social engineering such as better social perceptions of bemale population and so on another social structures and also law of equality on both male and female.
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